Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock
Doğum	Eleanor McClintock 16 Haziran 1902 Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Ölüm	2 Eylül 1992 (90 yaşında) Huntington, New York, USA
Vatandaşlığı	ABD
Dalı	Sitogenetik
Çalıştığı yerler	University of Missouri Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Öğrenim	Cornell University
Önemli başarıları	Mısırın genetik yapısıyla ilgili çalışmaları
Aldığı ödüller	Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü (1983)
İmza

Barbara McClintock (16 Haziran 1902 - 2 Eylül 1992), 1983 yılı Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü sahibi Amerikalı bilim insanı. Dünyanın en önemli sitogenetikçilerinden kabul edilir.

McClintock 1927 yılında botanik dalında Cornell Üniversitesi'nden doktorasını aldı. Burada mısır sitogenetiği dalında öncü çalışmalarda bulundu. 1920'lerin sonunda itibaren McClintock, kromozomlar ve mısırda üreme sırasında nasıl değiştiğiyle ilgili çalışmalar yaptı. İlk kez mısırın genetik haritasını çıkardı. Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülünü transpozonları keşfinden dolayı kazanmıştır.^[1]

McClintock ailesi, soldan sağa: Mignon, Malcolm Rider "Tom", Barbara ve Marjorie

Önemli yayınları

• McClintock, B. (1929). "A Cytological and Genetical Study of Triploid Maize". Genetics 14 (2): 180–222. PMC 1201029. PMID 17246573. edit

Creighton, H. B.; McClintock, B. (1931). "A Correlation of Cytological and Genetical Crossing-Over in Zea Mays". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 17 (8): 492–497. doi:10.1073/pnas.17.8.492. PMC 1076098. PMID 16587654. edit

• McClintock, B. (1931). "The Order of the Genes C, Sh and Wx in Zea Mays with Reference to a Cytologically Known Point in the Chromosome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 17 (8): 485–491. doi:10.1073/pnas.17.8.485. PMC 1076097. PMID 16587653. edit
• McClintock, B. (1941). "The Stability of Broken Ends of Chromosomes in Zea Mays". Genetics 26 (2): 234–282. PMC 1209127. PMID 17247004. edit
• McClintock, B. (1945). "Neurospora. I. Preliminary Observations of the Chromosomes of Neurospora crassa". American Journal of Botany 32 (10): 671–678. doi:10.2307/2437624. edit
• McClintock, B. (1950). "The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 36 (6): 344–355. doi:10.1073/pnas.36.6.344. PMC 1063197. PMID 15430309. edit
• McClintock, B. (1953). "Induction of Instability at Selected Loci in Maize". Genetics 38 (6): 579–599. PMC 1209627. PMID 17247459. edit
• McClintock, B. (1961). "Some Parallels Between Gene Control Systems in Maize and in Bacteria". The American Naturalist 95 (884): 265–277. doi:10.1086/282188. edit
• McClintock, Barbara., Kato, T. A. & Blumenschein, A. (1981) Chromosome constitution of races of maize. Its significance in the interpretation of relationships between races and varieties in the Americas.. Colegio de Postgraduados, Chapingo, Mexico
• McClintock, Barbara., Kato, T. A. & Blumenschein, A. (1981) Chromosome constitution of races of maize. Its significance in the interpretation of relationships between races and varieties in the Americas.. Colegio de Postgraduados, Chapingo, Mexico

Referanslar

• Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients, American Philosophical Society, http://www.amphilsoc.org/prizes/franklinscience, erişim tarihi: 27 November 2011 
• Berlin map excerpt, Berliner-stadtplan.com, http://www.berliner-stadtplan.com/adresse/karte/berlin/pos/8410,8775.html, erişim tarihi: 18 March 2010 
• Kass, Lee B.; Bonneuil, Christophe (2004), "Mapping and seeing: Barbara McClintock and the linking of genetics and cytology in maize genetics, 1928–1935", London: Routledge, ss. 91–118 
• Kass, Lee B.; Bonneuil, Chris; Coe, Ed (April 2005), "Cornfests, cornfabs and cooperation: The origins and beginnings of the Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter", Genetics 169 (169): 1787–1797, PMC 1449575, PMID 15879515, http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/169/4/1787 
• Boyer, David (11 March 2001), Neighborhood Report: Flatbush; Grads Hail Erasmus as It Enters a Fourth Century, New York Times, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04EED8143AF932A25750C0A9679C8B63, erişim tarihi: 12 November 2012 
• Coe, Ed; Kass, Lee B. (2005), "Proof of physical exchange of genes on the chromosomes", Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 102 (19): 6641–6656, DOI:10.1073/pnas.0407340102, PMC 1100733, PMID 15867161 
• "Biograph", library.cshl.edu (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), http://library.cshl.edu/sp/scientists/barbara_mcclintock/mcclintock_biography.html, erişim tarihi: 11 November 2012 
• "Barbara McClintock (1902-1992): Biography", Digital Archives (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), http://library.cshl.edu/sp/scientists/barbara_mcclintock/mcclintock_biography.html?r44b=no, erişim tarihi: 5 January 2013 
• Comfort, Nathaniel C. (2001), The Tangled Field, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-00456-6 
• Comfort, Nathaniel C. (January 2002), "Barbara McClintock's long postdoc years", Science 295 (5554): 440, DOI:10.1126/science.295.5554.440a, PMID 11799999 
• Comfort, Nathaniel C. (1999), ""The real point is control": The reception of Barbara McClintock's controlling elements", Journal of the History of Biology 32 (1): 133–62, DOI:10.1023/A:1004468625863, PMID 11623812 
• Creighton, Barbara; McClintock (1931), "A Correlation of Cytological and Genetical Crossing-Over in Zea Mays", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 17 (8): 492–497, DOI:10.1073/pnas.17.8.492 
• Anecdotes – #25, http://www.EstherLederberg.com/Anecdotes.htm, erişim tarihi: 3 January 2012 
• Fedoroff, Nina (1995), "Barbara McClintock", Biographical Memoirs V.68 (Washington, DC: National Research Council/The National Academies Press): ss. 211–236, http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=4990&page=211 
• DOI:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0039
  Bu alıntı, sonraki birkaç dakika içinde otomatik olarak tamamlanacaktır. Siz de kuyruğun önüne geçebilir ya da elle açıklayabilirsiniz

• Goodier, John L.; Kazazian, Haig H. (2008), "Retrotransposons Revisited: The Restraint and Rehabilitation of Parasites", Cell 135 (1): 23–35, DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.022, PMID 18854152 
• Green, M. M. (4 May 1959), "Non-Homologous Pairing and Crossing-Over in Drosophila melanogaster", Genetics 44 (6): 1243 
• Jin, W.Z.; Duan, R.J.; Zhang, F.; Chen, S.Y.; Wu, Y.R.; Wu, P. (November 2003), "Application of Ac/Ds transposon system to generate marker gene free transgenic plants in rice", Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 19 (6): 668-673, PMID 15971577, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15971577 
• Kass, L. B.; Provine, W. B. (1997), "Genetics in the roaring 20s: The influence of Cornell's professors and curriculum on Barbara McClintock's development as a cytogeneticist", American Journal of Botany 84 (6, Supplement): 123 
• Kass, L. B. (2000), "Barbara McClintock: Botanist, cytologist, geneticist. Symposium Botany in the Age of Mendel, Abstract #193", American Journal of Botany 87 (6): 64 
• Kass, Lee B. (2003), "Records and recollections: A new look at Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize-winning geneticist", Genetics 164 (164): 1251–1260, PMC 1462672, PMID 12930736 
• Kass, Lee B. (December 2005), "Harriet Creighton: Proud botanist", Plant Science Bulletin 51 (4): 118–125, http://www.botany.org/PlantScienceBulletin/PSB-2005-51-4.php#HARRIET 
• Kass, Lee B. (February 2007), Ann Hirsch, ed., Harriet B. Creighton (1909–2004), on Women Pioneers in Plant Biology, American Society of Plant Biologists, http://web.archive.org/web/20100727201454/http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#Creighton 
• Kass, Lee B. (2005), "Missouri compromise: tenure or freedom. New evidence clarifies why Barbara McClintock left Academe", Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter (79): 52–71 
• Keirns, Carla (Spring 1999), "Seeing Patterns: Models, Visual Evidence and Pictorial Communication in the Work of Barbara McClintock", Journal of the History of Biology (Springer) 32 (1): 163–196, DOI:10.1023/A:1004420726771, JSTOR 4331512 
• Keller, Evelyn Fox (1983), A Feeling for the Organism, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, ISBN 0-7167-1433-7 
• Klug, William S.; Cummings, Michael R.; Spencer, Charlotte A.; Palladino, Michael A. (2012), Concepts of Genetics (10th bas.), Boston: Pearson, ISBN 978-0-321-72412-0 
• Kolata, Gina (4 September 1992), Dr. Barbara McClintock, 90, Gene Research Pioneer, Dies, New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/04/us/dr-barbara-mcclintock-90-gene-research-pioneer-dies.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm, erişim tarihi: 28 December 2012 
• Kornberg, R.; Kornberg, A., Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg Colleagues, http://www.estherlederberg.com/ColleaguesIndex.html, erişim tarihi: 4 November 2012 
• "The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry", cumc.columbia.edu (Columbia University), http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/research/horwitz-prize/prize-awardees, erişim tarihi: 11 November 2012 
• Lamberts, William J. (February 2000), "McClintock, Barbara", American National Biography Online (Oxford University Press), http://www.anb.org/articles/13/13-02550.html, erişim tarihi: 28 November 2012 
• "Education and Research at Cornell, 1925–1931", The Barbara McClintock Papers (The National Library of Medicine/Profiles in Science), http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/LL/p-nid/46, erişim tarihi: 28 December 2012 
• "The Barbara McClintock Papers:Breakage-Fusion-Bridge: The University of Missouri, 1936–1941", Profiles in Science (National Library of Medicine), http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/LL/p-nid/48, erişim tarihi: 12 November 2012 
• "The Barbara McClintock Papers – Controlling Elements: Cold Spring Harbor, 1942–1967", Profiles in Science (U. S. National Library of Medicine) 
• McClintock, Barbara (1983), A short biographical note: Barbara McClintock, Nobel Foundation, http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1983/mcclintock-autobio.html, erişim tarihi: 28 December 2012 
• McClintock, Barbara (1931), "The order of the genes C, Sh, and Wx in Zea Mays with reference to a cytologically known point in the chromosome", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 17 (17): 485–91, DOI:10.1073/pnas.17.8.485 
• McClintock, Barbara (1934), "The relation of a particular chromosomal element to the development of the nucleoli in Zea mays", Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie 21 (2): 294–328, DOI:10.1007/BF00374060, http://www.springerlink.com/content/g7867qr56g207545/?p=5c426346e9154da7879b7441cf941922&pi=1 
• McClintock, Barbara (March 1941), "The Stability of Broken Ends of Chromosomes in Zea Mays", Genetics 26 (2): 234–82, PMC 1209127, PMID 17247004 
• McClintock, Barbara (16 September 1940), Letter from Barbara McClintock to Charles R. Burnham, http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/LL/B/B/N/T/_/llbbnt.pdf 
• McClintock, Barbara (1945), "Neurospora: preliminary observations of the chromosomes of Neurospora crassa", American Journal of Botany 32 (10): 671–78, DOI:10.2307/2437624, JSTOR 2437624 
• McClintock, Barbara (1950), "The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 36 (6): 344–55, DOI:10.1073/pnas.36.6.344 
• McClintock, Barbara (1987), Moore, John A., ed., The discovery and characterization of transposable elements : the collected papers of Barbara McClintock, New York: Garland Pub., ISBN 0-8240-1391-3 
• McClintock, Barbara (1953), "Induction of instability at selected loci in maize", Genetics 38 (6): 579–99, PMC 1209627, PMID 17247459 
• McClintock, Barbara (1973), Letter from Barbara McClintock to Maize geneticist Oliver Nelson, http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/LL/p-nid/52 
• McClintock, Barbara (1961), "Some parallels between gene control systems in maize and in bacteria", American Naturalist (95): 265–77 
• "Barbara McClintock", Members (National Academy of Sciences), 2005, http://www.nas.edu/history/members/mcclintock.html 
• "1970 National Medal of Science", The Laureates (National Science and Technology Medals Foundation), 2009, http://www.nationalmedals.org/medals/1970.php, erişim tarihi: 28 December 2012 
• "Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", Nobelprize.org (Nobel Media AB), 25 July 2010 tarihinde 25 July 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/shortfacts.html, erişim tarihi: 12 July 2010 
• "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983", Nobelprize.org (Nobel Media AB), 6 July 2010 tarihinde 6 July 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/, erişim tarihi: 8 July 2010 
• Pasachoff, Naomi (2006), Barbara McClintock, Genius of Genetics, Enslow Publishers, Inc. 
• Pray, Leslie (2008), "Transposons: The Jumping Genes", Nature Education (Nature Publishing Group) 1 (1), http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/transposons-the-jumping-genes-518 
• Pray, Leslie; Zhaurova, Kira (2008), "Barbara McClintock and the Discovery of Jumping Genes (Transposons)", Nature Education 1 (1), http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/barbara-mcclintock-and-the-discovery-of-jumping-34083 
• Rhoades, Marcus M., The golden age of corn genetics at Cornell as seen though the eyes of M. M. Rhoades, http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/LL/B/B/F/Z/_/llbbfz.pdf 
• Selvarajah, S.; Yoshimoto M, Park PC, Maire G, Paderova J, Bayani J, Lim G, Al-Romaih K, Squire JA, Zielenska M. (December 2006), "The breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle as a mechanism for generating genetic heterogeneity in osteosarcoma", Chromosoma, 6 116 (6): 459–467, DOI:10.1007/s00412-006-0074-4, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16897100, erişim tarihi: 11 November 2012 
• Geneticist B. McClintock Dies; Nobelist, Washington Post  – via HighBeam Research Şablon:-Bağlantı notu , 4 September 1992, http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1023553.html, erişim tarihi: 28 December 2012 

Kaynakça

1. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/

Arşivler ve araştırmaları

• The Barbara McClintock Papers – Profiles in Science, National Library of Medicine.
• Barbara McClintock Papers, 1927–1991 at the American Philosophical Society

Dış bağlantılar

• The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
• Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives, Barbara McClintock:A Brief Biographical Sketch
• Enhancer and Gene Trap Transposon Mutagenesis in Arabidopsis, comprehensive article on the use of Ac/Ds and other transposons for plant mutagenesis
• Biography and Bibliographic Resources