Hava durumu rekorları
Bu bir hava durumu rekorları listesidir. Bu listeye göre çeşitli kategorilerde dünyada gözlenmiş ve ölçülmüş hava olaylarının en uç rakamları listelenmiştir.
Sıcaklık
Standart ölçümlerden derece ve fahrenaht olarak gösterilmiştir.
Sıcak
En yüksek sıcaklık
Sıcaklık | Bölge | Tarih | |
---|---|---|---|
Kuzey Amerika / Yeryüzü | 56.7 °C (134 °F) | Furnace Creek Ranch (formerly Greenland Ranch), in Death Valley, California, United States | 1913-07-10[1][2] |
Kanada | 45.0 °C (113 °F) | Midale, Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan | 1937-07-05[3] |
Grönland | 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) | Tasiilaq | 2005-07-13[4][5] |
Meksika | 52 °C (125.6 °F) | San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora | [6][7] |
Afrika | 55.0 °C (131 °F) | Kebili, Tunus | 1931-07-07[8][9] |
Cezayir | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Illizi, Illizi Province | 2011-08-18[4] |
Benin | 44.5 °C (112 °F) | Kandi | ?[4] |
Botsvana | 42.6 °C (108.4 °F) | Botsva | ?[4] |
Burkina Faso | 47.2 °C (117 °F) | Dori | ?[4] |
Kamerun | 47.7 °C (117.9 °F) | Kousseri | ?[10] |
Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti | 45 °C (113 °F) | Birao | ?[4] |
Çad | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 2010-06-22[10] |
Fildişi Sahili | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Odienne | ?[4] |
Cibuti | 49.5 °C (121 °F) | Tadjourah | ?[4] |
Mısır | 50.3 °C (122.6 °F) | Kharga | ?[4] |
Eritre | 48 °C (118.4 °F) | Massawa | ?[4] |
Etiyopya | 48.9 °C (120 °F) | Dallol | ?[4] |
Gambiya | 45.5 °C (114 °F) | Basse Santa Su | 2008-?-?[4] |
Gana | 43.9 °C (111 °F) | Navrongo | ?[4] |
Gine-Bissau | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Bafata | ?[4] |
Libya | 50.2 °C (122.4 °F) | Zuara | 1995-06[9][11] |
Malavi | 45 °C (113 °F) | Ngabu, Chikwana | ?[4] |
Mali | 48.2 °C (118 °F) | Gao | ?[4] |
Moritanya | 50.0 °C (122 °F) | Akjujt | ?[4] |
Fas | 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | Marrakech | 2012-07-17[12] |
Mozambik | 47.3 °C (117.2 °F) | Chibuto | 2009-02-03[4] |
Namibya | 47.8 °C (118 °F) | Noordoewer | 2009-02-06[4] |
Nijer | 48.2 °C (118.8 °F) | Bilma | 2010-06-23[10] |
Nijerya | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 2010-04-03[10] |
Senegal | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Matam | ?[4] |
Sierra Leone | 40 °C (104 °F) | Njala | ?[4] |
Somali | 55.0 °C (131 °F)(Kaynak doğrulanamadı) | Berbera | ?[4] |
Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti | 50.0 °C (122 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastern Cape | 1918[13] |
Sudan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 2010-06-25[10] |
Svaziland | 46.1 °C (115 °F) | Sidvokodvo | ?[4] |
Tanzanya | 56.0 °C (132.8 °F)(Kaynak doğrulanamadı) | Songea | ?[4] |
Zambiya | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastern Province | 2010-10-13[10] |
Zimbabve | 45.6 °C (114 °F) | Beitbridge | ?[4] |
Asya | 53 °C (127.4 °F) | Tirat Tsvi, North District, Israel | 1942-06-21[14] ** |
Bangladeş | 45.1 °C (113.2 °F) | Rajshahi | 1972-04-30[15] |
Çin | 49.7 °C (118 °F) | Ading Lake, Turpan, Xinjiang, Çin | 2008-08-03[10] |
Hindistan | 50 °C (122 °F) | Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan Dholpur, Rajasthan |
? [4] ? [4] |
Irak | 52.0 °C (125.7 °F) | Basra Ali Air Base, Nasiriyah |
2010-06-14[10] 2011-08-02[16][17] |
İsrail | 53 °C (127.4 °F) | Tirat Zvi, Israel | 1942-06-21 ** |
Kuveyt | 53.6 °C (128.5 °F) | Sulaibya, Kuwait | 2012-07-31[12] |
Japonya | 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) | Kumagaya, Saitama / Tajimi, Gifu | 2007-08-16[18] |
Malezya | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 1998-04-09[19] |
Myanmar | 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Myinmu | 2010-05-12[10] |
Pakistan | 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) | Mohenjo-daro, Sindh | 2010-05-26[10][20] |
Filipinler | 42.2 °C (107.96 °F) | Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Valley | 1912-04-12[21] |
Katar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 2010-07-14[10] |
Rusya | 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) | Belogorsk, Amur Oblast | 2010-07-12[22] |
Suudi Arabistan | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Suudi Arabistan | 2010-06-22[10] |
Singapur | 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Singapur | 1998-03-26[19] |
Güney Kore | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Güney Kore | 1942-08-01[23] |
Tayland | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Uttaradit | 1960-04-27[24] |
Türkiye | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Mardin | 1993-08-14[25] |
Okyanusya | 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Oodnadatta, South Australia, Avustralya | 1960-01-02[26][27][28] |
Yeni Zelanda | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury and Jordan, Marlborough (tied) | 1973-02-07[29] |
Solomon Adaları | 36.1 °C (97 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 2010-02-01[10] |
Güney Amerika | 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Villa de María, Argentina | 1920-01-02[26][30] |
Bolivya | 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) | Villamontes, Tarija Department | 2010-10-29*[10] |
Brezilya | 44.7 °C (112.4 °F) | Bom Jesus, Piauí | 2005-11-21[31] |
Kolombiya | 42.3 °C (108 °F) | Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca Department | 2010-10-29[10] |
Paraguay | 45 °C (113 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 2009-11-14[32] |
Uruguay | 44 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Department | 1943-01-20[33] |
Venezuela | 41 °C (105.8 °F) | Maracaibo, Zulia State | ?[4] |
Orta Amerika ve Karayip Adaları | 45 °C (113 °F) | Estanzuela, Zacapa, Guatemala | ?[34] |
Dominik Cumhuriyeti | 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Mao | 1954-08-31[35][36] |
Küba | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Jucarito (Granma Province) | 1999-04-17[37] |
Porto Riko | 37.2 °C (99 °F) | Arecibo | 1985-06-25[38] |
Avrupa | 48.0 °C or 48.5 °C (118.4 °F or 119.3 °F) | Athens, Greece or Catenanuova, Italy (Catenanuova's record is disputed) | 1977-07-10[39] or 1999-08-10;[40] |
Arnavutluk | 43.9 °C (108.1 °F) | Kuçovë | 1973-07-18 |
Avusturya | 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) | Dellach im Drautal | 1983-07-27[41] |
Belarus | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Gomel | 2010-08-07[10] |
Belçika | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Uccle | 1947-06-27 |
Bosna ve Hersek | 46.2 °C (115.16 °F) | Mostar (Herzegovina, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) | 1900-07-31 |
Bulgaristan | 45.2 °C (113.3 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 1916-08-05[42] |
Hırvatistan | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Ploče | 1998-08-05[43] |
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC) | 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) | Lefkoniko, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti | 2010-08-01[10] |
Çek Cumhuriyeti (Çekya) | 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) | Dobřichovice, Prague-West District | 2012-08-20[44] |
Danimarka | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 1975-08-10[45] |
İngiltere | 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) | Faversham, Kent | 2003-08-10[46] |
Estonya | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 1992-08-11[47] |
Finlandiya | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Liperi | 2010-07-29[48] |
Fransa | 44.1 °C (110.1 °F) | Conqueyrac / Saint-Christol-lès-Alès | 2003-08-12[49] |
Almanya | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe & Freiburg | 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-13[50] |
Macaristan | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 2007-07-20[51] |
İzlanda | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 1939-06-22[52][53] |
İrlanda | 33.3 °C (92 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 1887-06-26[54] |
İtalya | 47 °C ya da 48.5 °C (116.6 ya da 119.3 °F) | Foggia, Apulia or Catenanuova, Sicily (Catenanuova's record is disputed) | 2007-06-25 and 1999-08-10[40] |
Letonya | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Daugavpils | 1943-08-04[55] |
Litvanya | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena County | 1994-07-30[56] |
Makedonya | 45.7 °C(114.26 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija Municipality | 2007-07-24[57] |
Malta | 43.8 °C (110.84 °F) | Malta International Airport | 1999-08-09[58] |
Moldova | 42.4 °C(108.3 °F) | Falesti | 2012-08-07[12] |
Karadağ | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Podgorica & Danilovgrad | 2007-08-16 & 2012-08-08[12] |
Hollanda | 38.6 °C (102 °F) | Warnsveld | 1944-08-23[59] |
Kuzey İrlanda | 30.8 °C (87.4 °F) | Knockarevan, County Fermanagh / Belfast, County Antrim | 1976-06-30 / 1983-07-12[46] |
Norveç | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 1970-06-20[60] |
Polonya | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prószków, Opole Voivodeship (then in Germany) | 1921-07-29[61] |
Portekiz | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 2003-08-01[62] |
Romanya | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 1951-08-10[63] |
Rusya | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykia | 2010-07-12[64] |
İskoçya | 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) | Greycrook, Scottish Borders | 2003-08-09[46] |
Sırbistan | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje District | 2007-07-24[65] |
Slovakya | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 2007-07-20[4] |
Slovenya | 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) | Črnomelj | 1950-07-05[66] |
İspanya | 47.2 °C (116.9 °F) | Murcia | 1994-07-04[67] |
İsveç | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Ultuna, Uppsala County / Målilla, Kalmar County | 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[68] |
İsviçre | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa District | 2003-08-11[69] |
Ukrayna | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 2010-08-12[70] |
Galler | 35.2 °C (95.4 °F) | Hawarden Bridge, Flintshire | 1990-08-02[46] |
Antarktika | 14.6 °C (59 °F) | Vanda Station, Scott Coast | 1974-01-05[26] |
Güney Kutbu | −12.3 °C (9.9 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | 2011-12-25[71] |
- *Temperature reached on multiple occasions; this is the most recent.
- †There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[72] The former highest official temperature on Earth, held for 90 years by ‘Aziziya, Libya, was de-certified by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) as the record for the world's highest surface temperature in January 2012 (this temperature of 57.8 °C (136 °F), registered on September 13, 1922, is currently considered to have been a recorder's error).[73]
- ‡On 16 January 1889, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[26]
- **The Israeli Met Office pursued an investigation of the record in 2012 (prompted by an inquiry from the WMO and wunderground's weather historian Christopher C. Burt), and concluded that the record was valid. However, they have refused to make public the details leading to their conclusions, and until they do so, the record remains suspect.[12]
Diğer sıcaklık rekorları
- En hızlı sıcaklık artışı: 27 °C (49 °F) in iki dakikada; Spearfish, South Dakota, 1943-01-22.[74]
- Most consecutive days above 100 °F (37.8 °C): 160 gün; Marble Bar, Western Australia from 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924.[75]
Soğuk
En düşük sıcaklık rekorları
Sıcaklık | Bölge | Tarih | |
---|---|---|---|
−89,2 °C (−129 °F) | Vostok Station | 1983-07-21[26][74][76] | |
Doğu Antarktika | −82,5 °C (−117 °F) | Dome A | 2005–07[77] |
Güney Kutbu | −82,8 °C (−117 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | [78] |
−68 °C (−90 °F) | Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic, Russia |
1892-02-07 1933-02-06[26] | |
Bangladeş | 28 °C (82 °F) | Sreemangal | 1968-?-? [79] |
Çin | −52,3 °C (−62 °F) | Mohe County | 1969-02-13[80] |
Hindistan | −50 °C (−58.0 °F)/−339 °C (−578.2 °F) | Dras, Ladakh | January ??/1911-03-22[81] |
İran | −36 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1969[82] |
Irak | −17,6 °C (0 °F) | Mosul, Ninawa Governorate | 1911-01-24[83] p29 |
İsrail | −13,7 °C (7 °F) | Beit Netofa Valley | 1950-02-07[84] |
Japonya | −41 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 1902-01-25[18] |
Malezya | 7,8 °C (46.0 °F) | Cameron Highlands | 1978-02-01[19] |
Nepal | −45 °C (−49 °F) | Mt. Everest, Sagarmatha | 1999-05-15[18] |
Kuzey Kore | −43,6 °C (−46 °F) | Chunggangjin | 1933-01-12[85] |
Pakistan | −18 °C (−0.4 °F) | Rawla Kot | 1933-01-12[86] |
Filipinler | 2 °C (35.6 °F) | Mount Pulag, Mountain Province | 2011-01[87] |
Tayland | −14 °C (6.8 °F) | Sakon Nakhon | 1974-01-02[24] |
Türkiye | −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Van | 1990-01-09[25] |
−66,1 °C (−87 °F) | North Ice, Greenland | 1954-01-09[26] | |
Kanada | −63 °C (−81 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 1947-02-03[26][74] |
Meksika | −32 °C (−25.6 °F) | Santa Barbara, Durango | 1999[88] |
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri | −62 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 1971-01-23[89] |
−58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) | Ust' Shchugor, Russia | 1978-12-31[39] | |
Arnavutluk | −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) | Voskopojë | 1967-01-27 |
Avusturya | −37.4 °C (−38.6 °F) | Sonnblick | 1905-01-01[90] |
Belarus | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitsebsk Voblast | 1940-01-17[91] |
Belçika | −30,1 °C (−22 °F) | Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort | 1940-01-20[92] |
Bosna-Hersek | −42 °C (−43.6 °F) | Place Veliko Polje in Igman | 1963-01-24 |
Bulgaristan | −38.3 °C (−37 °F) | Tran | 1947-01-25[42] |
Hırvatistan | −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) | Čakovec | 1929-02-03[43] |
Çek Cumhuriyeti (Çekya) | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 1929-02-11[44] |
Danimakra | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 1982-01-08[45] |
İngiltere | −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) | Newport, Shropshire, West Midlands | 1982-01-10[46] |
Estonya | −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 1940-01-17[47] |
Finlandiya | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Kittilä, Laponya | 1999-01-28[93] |
Fransa | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 1985-01-17[94] |
Almanya | −45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) | Funtensee, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Bavaria | 2001-12-24[50] |
Yunanistan | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 1967-01-27[95] |
Macaristan | −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 1940-02-16[51] |
İzlanda | −37,9 °C (Şablon:Convert/sroundT1 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 1918-01-21[52] |
İrlanda | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 1881-01-16[54] |
İtalya | −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F) | Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino | 2010-12-27[96] |
Letonya | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 1956-02-08[55] |
Litvanya | −42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1956-02-01[56] |
Makedonya | −31.5 °C (−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 1954-01-27[97] |
Malta | 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) | Malta International Airport | 1981-01-29[58] |
Hollanda | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk | 1942-01-27[59] |
Kuzey İrlanda | −18.7 °C (−1.7 °F) | Castlederg, County Tyrone | 2010-12-24[98] |
Norveç | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1886-01-01[60] |
Polanya | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship | 1940-01-11[61] |
Portekiz | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro |
1945-01-16 and 1954-02-05[99] |
Romanya | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Braşov County | 1942-01-25[63] |
İşkoçya | −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) | Braemar, Aberdeenshire, Altnaharra, Sutherland |
1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10 1995-12-30[46] |
Sırbistan | −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) | Karajukica Bunari, Zlatibor District | 1985-01-13[65] |
Slovakya | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vigľaš-Pstruša | 1929-02-11[100] |
Slovenya | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[notes 1][66] |
İzlanda | −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) | Lake Estangento, Lleida | 1956-02-02[67] |
İsveç | −53.0 °C (−63.4 °F) | Malgovik, Västerbotten County | 1941-12-13[68] |
İşviçre | −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 1987-01-12[69] |
Ukrayna | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 1935-02-08[101] |
Galler | −23.3 °C (−9.9 °F) | Rhayader, Powys | 1940-01-21[46] |
−39 °C (−38.2 °F) | Valle de los Patos Superior, San Juan, Argentina | 1972-07-17[102][103] | |
Bolivya | −25,7 °C (−14 °F) | Uyuni, Potosí Department | 1946-08-04[104] |
Brezilya | −14 °C (6.8 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 1952-06[105] |
Şili | −37 °C (−34.6 °F) | Coyhaique Alto, Aisén | 2002-06-21[106] |
Paraguay | −7,5 °C (19 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 2000-07-13[107] |
Peru | −25,2 °C (−13 °F) | Mazo Cruz, Puno Region | 1966-06-30[108] |
Uruguay | −11 °C (12.2 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo | 1967-06-14[33] |
Venezuela | −12 °C (10.4 °F) | Piedras Blancas, Merida State | ?[4] |
−24 °C (−11 °F) | Ifrane, Morocco | 1935-02-11[26] | |
Cezayir | −20 °C (−4 °F) | Batna, Batna Province | 1945-01-04[109] |
Etiyopya | -7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Alemaya | 2005-?-?[109] |
Lesotho | −20.4 °C (−4.7 °F) | Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae), Mokhotlong District | 1967-06-12[109] |
Güney Afrika | −18.6 °C (−1.5 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 1996-06-28[13] |
−25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago, New Zealand | 1903-07-18[110] | |
Avustralya | −23 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, Australia | 1994-06-29[111] |
Merkez Amerika ve Karayipler | −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala | ?[34] |
Dominik Cumhuriyeti | −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) | Valle Nuevo, Constanza | 1959-03-02[112] |
Küba | 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) | Bainoa | 1996-02-18[113] |
Porto Riko | 4.4 °C (40 °F) | Adjuntas Aibonito Corozal |
1989-12-28[114] 1906-02-26[114] 1945-01-19[114] |
Diğer soğukluk rekorları
- En hızlı düşüş: 15 dakika içinde 27.2 °C (49 °F); Rapid City, South Dakota, 1911-01-10.[74]
Yağış
- Yıllık en az yağış (bölge): hiç yağmadı; Antofagasta bölgesi, Atacama Çölü, Şili.[115]
Yağmur
- Bir dakikada en çok: 38 mm (1.5 in); Barst, Guadeloupe, 26 November 1970.[116]
- Bir saatte en çok: 305 mm (12.0 in) in 42 minutes. Holt, Missouri, United States, 22 June 1947.[39]
- 12 saatte en çok: 1.144 mm (45.0 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[39]
- 24 saatte en çok: 1.825 mm (71.9 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 7–8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[39]
- 48 saatte en çok: 2.467 mm (97.1 in); Aurère, Réunion, 8–10 January 1958.[39]
- 72 saatte en çok: 3.929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 February 2007.[39]
- 96 saatte en çok: 4.869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 February 2007.[39]
- Bir yılda en çok: 26.470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, India, 1860–1861.[39]
- Yıllık toplam ortalama yağış: 11.872 mm (467.4 in); Mawsynram, India.[39]
Kar
- Bir yılda en çok: 31.1 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, 19 February 1971 to 18 February 1972.[74]
- Bir sezonda en çok (1 July – 30 June): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 through 1999.[117]
- Gözelenen en büyük kar tanesi: 38 cm (15 in) çap; Fort Keogh, Montana, United States, 28 January 1887.[74]
Kaynaklar
- ↑ "NCDC Global measured extremes". http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html. Erişim tarihi: 2007-11-06.
- ↑ World: Highest Temperature World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved on 2012-09-13.
- ↑ "Private Tutor". Infoplease.com. 31 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150531121430/http://www.infoplease.com:80/ipa/A0001375.html. Erişim tarihi: 2012-01-29.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 "World Record Temperatures -Highest Lowest Hottest Coldest temperatures". Mherrera.org. 10 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150910122812/http://www.mherrera.org/records.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "History : Weather Underground". Weather Underground. 27 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151227152447/http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/BGKK/2005/7/14/MonthlyHistory.html. Erişim tarihi: 2012-01-29.
- ↑ "PROYECTO BASES DE DATOS CLIMATOLÓGICOS" (Spanish). Servicio Meteológico Nacional. 20 Ekim 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20141020050845/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Normales5110/NORMAL26087.TXT. Erişim tarihi: 26 October 2011.
- ↑ "Máximas temperaturas registradas en San Luis Río Colorado" (Spanish). Servicio Meteológico Nacional. 29 Ekim 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131029193649/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Max-Extr/00026/00026104.TXT. Erişim tarihi: 31 December 2012.
- ↑ Hottest air temperatures reported on Earth Weather Underground. Retrieved on 2012-20-09.
- 1 2 Khalid Ibrahim El Fadli, Randall S. Cerveny, Christopher C. Burt, Philip Eden, David Parker, Manola Brunet, Thomas C. Peterson, Gianpaolo Mordacchini, Vinicio Pelino, Pierre Bessemoulin, José Luis Stella, Fatima Driouech, M.M Abdel wahab, Matthew B. Pace (2012). "World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1. http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1. Erişim tarihi: 16 September 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Masters, Jeff (7 August 2010). "Bolivia ties its all-time heat record". Weather Underground. 5 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150905160420/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1701. Erişim tarihi: 2011-06-26.
- ↑ "QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE WORLD’S HOTTEST TEMPERATURE ON RECORD: 136.4°F (58°C) AT AL AZIZIA, LIBYA SEPTEMBER 13, 1922". Weather Underground. 9 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=2. Erişim tarihi: 2013-01-17.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Masters, Jeff. "2012: Earth's 10th warmest year on record, and warmest with a La Niña". Weather Underground. 26 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/article.html. Erişim tarihi: 2013-01-17.
- 1 2 "Details of the temperature, rainfall and wind extremes recorded in SA". South African Weather Service. 10 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120310121203/http://www.weathersa.co.za/web/Content.asp?contentID=81. Erişim tarihi: 2011-06-26.
- ↑ Bio-Climatic Atlas of Israel by Dr. D. Ashbel, Central Press, Jerusalem, 1950, p.125
- ↑ "Bangladesh records highest temperature 42.2 degree Celsius in last 14 years". Asian Tribune. 2009-04-27. 18 Haziran 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150618065730/http://asiantribune.com:80/node/17080. Erişim tarihi: 2012-09-03.
- ↑ "Temperatures reach 52 degrees Celsius (125.6 Fahrenheit) in Iraq". BNO News. 12 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131112220955/http://wireupdate.com/wires/19210/temperatures-reach-52-degrees-celsius-125-6-fahrenheit-in-iraq/. Erişim tarihi: 3 August 2011.
- ↑ "Temperature history for Tallil, Iraq". Weather Underground. 16 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151216010828/http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KQXJ/2011/8/1/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA. Erişim tarihi: 2011-08-03.
- 1 2 3 "former National Rankings". Japan Meteorological Agency. 10 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150510040710/http://www.data.jma.go.jp:80/obd/stats/etrn/view/rankall.php?. Erişim tarihi: 2009-01-22.
- 1 2 3 "General Climate Information". Malaysia Meteorological Department. http://www.met.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=1090. Erişim tarihi: 2010-06-30.
- ↑ "Record breaking heat in Pakistan". Pakistan Meteorological Department. 26 May 2010. http://www.pakmet.com.pk/latest%20news/Latest%20News.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-06-04.
- ↑ "Worl Meteorological Organization". 1967. 16 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150316011753/http://wmo.asu.edu:80/oceania-highest-temperature. Erişim tarihi: 2011-06-10.
- ↑ "Wunder Blog". Weather Underground. 19 July 2010. 29 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150929060403/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1546. Erişim tarihi: 2011-01-28.
- ↑ "Climate of Korea". Korea Meteorological Administration. 23 Haziran 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150623034528/http://web.kma.go.kr:80/eng/biz/climate_01.jsp. Erişim tarihi: 2010-07-24.
- 1 2 "Thai Meteorological Department". Thai Meteorological Department. 25 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150325154839/http://www.tmd.go.th/info/info.php?FileID=22.
- 1 2 "Sıkça Sorulan Sorular – Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü". Dmi.gov.tr. 15 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150315020542/http://dmi.gov.tr/genel/sss.aspx?s=sicaklikenleri2. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
- ↑ "Australian Temperature Extremes". Bureau of Meteorology. 1 April 2009. 27 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150327211715/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/extreme/records/national.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 2009-12-16.
- ↑ "50.5 °C – W.A.'s Highest Ever Temperature". Bureau of Meteorology. 20 February 1998. http://reg.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/highesttemp.shtml. Erişim tarihi: 2011-07-12.
- ↑ "Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007". Teara.govt.nz. 16 Ağustos 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20090816033058/http://www.teara.govt.nz:80/NewZealandInBrief/NaturalEnvironment/3/en. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina).
- ↑ "Piauí tem a temperatura mais alta em 96 anos (Piauí has the highest temperature in 96 years)". Terra. 26 November 2005. 30 Ekim 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20141030202928/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/interna/0,,OI771459-EI306,00.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-10-01.
- ↑ "Boletín UGR/MAG [Boletín UGR/MAG]" (Spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. 12 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131112192604/http://www.mag.gov.py/Boletines%20UGR/Boletin84.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 2012-02-12.
- 1 2 "Boletín meteorológico [Meteorologic records of Uruguay]" (Spanish). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. 9 Haziran 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150609015041/http://www.rau.edu.uy:80/uruguay/geografia/records.txt. Erişim tarihi: 2010-10-01.
- 1 2 "Datos metorologicos de los departamentos" (spanish). INSIVUMEH. 29 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150929014050/http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/meteorologia/ESTADISTICAS.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2011-10-26.
- ↑ "Resumen Agrometeorológico del mes de Agosto del 2011" (Spanish). ONAMET. 21 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120321054308/http://www.onamet.gov.do/descargas/2011/RESUMEN%20AGRO/RESUMEN%20AGROMETEOROLOGICO%20DEL%20MES%20DE%20AGOSTO%20DEL%202011.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 26 October 2011.
- ↑ "Resumen Agrometeorológico del mes de Agosto del 2011" (Spanish). ONAMET. 21 Mart 2012 tarihinde TURISTICO/MENSUAL/BOLETIN TURISTICO AGOSTO 2011.pdf kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120321054224/http://www.onamet.gov.do/descargas/2011/PRONOSTICO%20TURISTICO/MENSUAL/BOLETIN%20TURISTICO%20AGOSTO%202011.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 26 October 2011.
- ↑ "Temperaturas máxima y mínima absolutas registradas [Absolute maximum and minimum temperatures record]" (Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. 3 Nisan 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120403154430/http://www.one.cu/aec2008/datos/2.2.xls. Erişim tarihi: 26 October 2011.
- ↑ "ARECIBO 3 ESE, PUERTO RICO – Climate Summary". Sercc.com. 12 Haziran 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080612145715/http://www.sercc.com:80/cgi-bin/sercc/cliMAIN.pl?pr0410. Erişim tarihi: 2012-01-29.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Global Weather & Climate Extremes". World Meteorological Organisation. 8 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151208085718/http://wmo.asu.edu/. Erişim tarihi: 2010-09-25.
- 1 2 "Record meteo estremi – MeteoNet". MeteoNet. 26 January 2011. 28 Ekim 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20141028043626/http://www.meteo-net.it/statistiche/estremi.aspx. Erişim tarihi: 2012-02-12.
- ↑ wetterrekorde Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamic
- 1 2 "Bulgaria Second National Communication" (PDF). 12 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131112213041/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/bulnc2.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- 1 2
- 1 2 "Česká republika – Česká nej". atlasceska.cz. 29 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150929091908/http://www.atlasceska.cz/ceska-republika/ceska-nej/. Erişim tarihi: 2012-08-20.
- 1 2 Vejrekstremer i Danmark DMI
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Extreme weather". Met Office. 3 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131103135223/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/index.html. Erişim tarihi: 2003-08-10.
- 1 2 "EMHI". Emhi.ee. 11 August 1992. 12 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131112192915/http://www.emhi.ee/index.php?ide=6,747,748. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "Kaikkien aikojen lämpöennätys rikki Liperissä: 37,2!". Iltasanomat.fi. 31 Ağustos 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20100831064853/http://www.iltasanomat.fi:80/uutiset/kotimaa/uutinen.asp?id=2230038. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ http://www.meteo.fr/meteonet/temps/france/clim/prod/tmd/dept30/TMD300803.pdf
- 1 2 Weather Extremes – Air Temperature. DWD. Retrieved on 2010-07-10
- 1 2 "Website of the Hungarian Meteorological Service". Met.hu. 14 Ağustos 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20090814234808/http://www.met.hu:80/omsz.php?almenu_id=climate&pid=climate_Hw&pri=4. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- 1 2 Einarsson, Markús. Climate of Iceland pg 683. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ↑ Heat Wave Hits Iceland, New Records Set Iceland Review 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- 1 2 "Temperature – Climate – Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online". Met.ie. 2 January 1979. 15 Ekim 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151015234525/http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- 1 2 Latvian climatic characteristics. Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved on 2010-08-07 (Letonca)
- 1 2 "(Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje)". meteo.lt. 15 Haziran 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150615112047/http://www.meteo.lt:80/klim_rekordai.php. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "Climate in DEMIR KAPIJA in July 2007 - Historical weather records". Tutiempo.net. 8 Kasım 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20141108025018/http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/DEMIR_KAPIJA/07-2007/135920.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2012-09-04.
- 1 2 Malta Airport MetOffice
- 1 2 meteonet.nl
- 1 2 "Klima". met.no. 29 Kasım 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20071129225502/http://www.met.no:80/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- 1 2 "Zakład Klimatologii – Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków". Klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl. 8 Haziran 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120608055732/http://www.klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl:80/tematyczne/rekordyklimatyczne/polska.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ Extremes Instituto de Meteorologia, IP Portugal
- 1 2 THERMAL EXTREMES Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie
- ↑ "Погода и Климат – В России установлен новый абсолютный температурный максимум". Pogoda.ru.net. 23 Nisan 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20130423174241/http://www.pogoda.ru.net/news/5076/. Erişim tarihi: 2011-01-28.
- 1 2 "TEMPERATURE REGIME IN SERBIA, Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia". Hidmet.gov.rs. 28 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150528091104/http://www.hidmet.gov.rs:80/ciril/meteorologija/klimatologija_temp_rezim.php. Erişim tarihi: 2012-09-04.
- 1 2 http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf
- 1 2 http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/divulgacion/resumen_efemerides/Resumen_extremos.pdf
- 1 2 Temperaturrekord. SMHI. Retrieved on 2009-12-19.
- 1 2 "Weather in Switzerland". High-end-travel-switzerland.com. 11 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131111183616/http://www.high-end-travel-switzerland.com/Weather-in-Switzerland.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "Погода и Климат – Климатический монитор: погода в Луганске". Pogoda.ru.net. 10 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120310205433/http://www.pogoda.ru.net/monitor.php?id=34523&month=8&year=2010. Erişim tarihi: 2011-01-28.
- ↑ "Heat wave: South Pole hits record high temperature on Christmas Day". United States Antarctic Program. 29 December 2011. 15 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151215185929/http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contenthandler.cfm?id=2563. Erişim tarihi: 2012-02-01.
- ↑ Burt, Christopher C (2004). Extreme Weather. W. W. Norton & Company. s. 36. ISBN 0-393-32658-6. http://books.google.com/?id=NuP7ATq9nWgC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=heat+burst+158. Erişim tarihi: 2007-06-21.
- ↑ Weather Extremes, Weather Underground - Retrieved 2012-09-14.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lyons, Walter A (1997). The Handy Weather Answer Book (2nd bas.). Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press. ISBN 0-7876-1034-8.
- ↑ "Marble Bar heatwave, 1923–1924". Australian Climate Extremes. Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/temp1.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2008-09-21.
- ↑ Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature" (Russian). Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat) (105). http://www.aari.aq/publication/abs_min/abs_min.html.
- ↑ Web Team (5 September 2005). "''Australian Antarctic Division''". Aad.gov.au. 4 Ağustos 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20100804225710/http://www.aad.gov.au:80/weather/aws/dome-a/index.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "''Office of Polar Programs''". Nsf.gov. 11 Nisan 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20130411022932/http://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/support/southp.jsp. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "Cold claims 8 more". http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=264737. Erişim tarihi: 2013-01-18.
- ↑ "China weather, Weather of China, China weather forecast". Weatherchina.org. 24 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150924192023/http://www.weatherchina.org/. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ Extreme Weather Events India Meteorological Department
- ↑ "An extremely cold winter in Iran". Payvand.com. 12 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131112192832/http://www.payvand.com/news/08/feb/1191.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ Climatological Means for Iraq, Government of Iraq Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
- ↑ "Climate Extremes in Israel". Israel Meteorological Service. 14 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151214004817/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMSEng/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael/. Erişim tarihi: 13 September 2010.
- ↑ 선종일 (1 August 1942). "Korean Climate". User.chollian.net. 7 Ocak 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140107060208/http://user.chollian.net:80/~jis0523/korea-climate.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2012-01-29.
- ↑ "Weather History". Ajmalbeig.addr.com. 28 Eylül 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140928165423/http://www.ajmalbeig.addr.com:80/inf_weather.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2012-09-03.
- ↑ "2 °C at Luzon's highest peak". The Philippine Star. http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=647017&publicationSubCategoryId=63. Erişim tarihi: 2011-01-11.
- ↑ "El día más frío del ańo :: México". EsMas.com. 12 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131112204036/http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/333284.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ National Climate Extremes Committee. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2009-02-11.
- ↑ "Wetterrekorde". ZAMG. 17 March 2008. 4 Haziran 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120604123534/http://www.zamg.ac.at/klima/wetterrekorde/?ts=1264617961. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ Baglasov Andrey, Belov Alexandr, Sinitsa Valentina, Bychenkov Alexandr. "Department of Hydrometeorology". Pogoda.by. 26 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151226194339/http://pogoda.by/. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "KMI (Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute) site". Kmi.be. 28 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150928195714/http://www.kmi.be/meteo/view/nl/1119603-Januari.html. Erişim tarihi: 2012-01-29.
- ↑ "Ilmatieteen laitos – Sää ja ilmasto – Ilmastotilastot – Lämpötilaennätyksiä – kk". Fmi.fi. 15 Temmuz 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20100715171540/http://www.fmi.fi:80/saa/tilastot_11.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "MétéoFrance". Comprendre.meteofrance.com. 13 Mayıs 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20090513102352/http://comprendre.meteofrance.com:80/pedagogique/dossiers/phenomenes/les_grands_froids?page_id=2764&document_id=4578&portlet_id=18309. Erişim tarihi: 2012-01-29.
- ↑ "OnlineFX destination guide to Greece". Onlinefx.com. 31 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120731033752/http://www.onlinefx.com:80/destination-guide-greece. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "Record del freddo in Italia: -48,3 gradi". 21 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150921005824/http://www.corriere.it/cronache/11_gennaio_19/freddo-record-previsioni_d43b2822-23d2-11e0-a3c4-00144f02aabc.shtml.
- ↑
- ↑ "Lowest daily minimum temperature records in Northern Ireland". Met Office Weather Extremes. 24 December 2010. 3 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131103135223/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/index.html. Erişim tarihi: 2011-08-14.
- ↑ (Portekizce)"Terras da Beira – "Reveillon" português sem chuva, mas a bater o dente de frio". Retrieved 30 September 2010.. 27 Eylül 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20110927094940/http://www.freipedro.pt/tb/301299/soc8.htm.
- ↑ ":: travel to SLOVAKIA". Travel-to-slovakia.biz. 25 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150325031636/http://travel-to-slovakia.biz/rekord/index.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "Погодные рекорды Украины | Новости Украины | СЕГОДНЯ". Segodnya.ua. 1 Nisan 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120401233813/http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14068460.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ (İspanyolca) "Datos extremos en el país y en el mundo". Retrieved 12 February 2011.. http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94.
- ↑ There is another record (unofficial), of −40 °C (−40 °F), registered in Pampa Alta Pass, also known as Puesto Viejo, on the border between Argentina and Chile, on 2002-06-21. (See Extreme temperatures around the World. Retrieved 12 February 2011.)
- ↑ Boletín Mensual del Tiempo 1946, Bolivia Servicio Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 27 January 2007.
- ↑ "História de Caçador [Quarta-feira pode ter recorde de temperatura mínima neste ano em Santa Catarina]" (Portuguese). A Notícia. 2010. 28 Eylül 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120928064533/http://www.clicrbs.com.br/anoticia/jsp/default.jsp?uf=2&local=18§ion=Geral&newsID=a2969554.xml. Erişim tarihi: 2010-12-22.
- ↑ (İspanyolca) Boletines Anteriores, Junio 2002, Sección de Meteorología del Departamento de Geofísica de la Universidad de Chile. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ↑ (İspanyolca) Con 1,2 grados bajo cero en Asunción, la ola polar llegó para quedarse, La Nación. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ↑ Programa de Capacitación Para la Estimación del Riesgo, Biblioteca Virtual en Prevención y Atención de Desastres (BVPAD). Retrieved 30 August 2009.
- 1 2 3 Bulletin Mensuel 1945, Algérie du Nord, Institut de Météorologie et de Physique du Globe de l’Algérie, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
- ↑ "New record for New Zealand's coldest day". TVNZ. 12 July 2011. 1 Ekim 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151001142409/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/new-record-zealand-s-coldest-day-4297892. Erişim tarihi: 2011-07-12.
- ↑ "Climate statistics for Australian locations". Bom.gov.au. 7 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150907231716/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_071003_All.shtml. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ Mejía, Mariela. "Frío extremo, calor agobiante" (Spanish). Diario Libre. http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias_det.php?id=274915&l=1. Erişim tarihi: 15 March 2012. "(...) la República Dominicana ha visto en su historia temperaturas récords como (...) los helados 3.5 °C bajo cero en Valle Nuevo, Constanza, el 2 de marzo de 1959."
- ↑ "III Congreso Cubano de Meteorología [Third Cuban Congress of Meteorology]" (Spanish). ACQ & Asociados. ss. 36. 29 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150929040652/http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/red/tiempo/programa_y_articulos_en_pdf.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 27 October 2011. "Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6°C."
- 1 2 3 "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 18 Şubat 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140218013107/http://nowdata.rcc-acis.org:80/SJU/pubACIS_results. Erişim tarihi: 27 October 2011.
- ↑ Priit J. Vesilind (Aug 2003). "The Driest Place on Earth". NationalGeographic.com. 12 Kasım 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20071112045446/http://magma.nationalgeographic.com:80/ngm/0308/feature3/?. Erişim tarihi: 2010-08-20.
- ↑ "Estimating Bounds on Extreme Precipitation Events: A Brief Assessment". http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9195&page=5. Erişim tarihi: 2 July 2012.
- ↑ USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/1999/wsnorcrd.htm.
Dış bağlantılar
- National Climate Extremes Committee
- Global Weather & Climate Extremes (Arizona State University)
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- ↑ The lowest unofficially measured temperature in Slovenia was recorded at Komna on 9 January 2009 and reached −49 °C (−56.2 °F).
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